Earthquake Algorithm-Based Voltage Referenced MPPT Implementation through a Standardized Validation Frame

This paper presents a new direct maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with reference voltage (Vref) based on the metaheuristic earthquake algorithm (EA) where optimization variable is Vref for hard-switching converters. The efficiency and performance of EA-MPPT-Vref compared perturb-and-observe (P&O) counterpart technique due to fact that it widely used commercial products. Static dynamic responses both MPPT strategies are evaluated, which correspond steady-state oscillations when they near (MPP), tracking-speed, respectively. was evaluated EN 50530 standard. results show proposed competitive method using EA obtain optimal reference. From static results, EA-MPPT VP presented better 5.13% 3.23% European California energy commission (CEC) efficiency, Whereas, from MPPT-Vref techniques an 95.13% 99.91%, 99.01% 99.91% total PV system P&O strategies,